ドイツの滞在のフリーランスビザを経験から見てみると・・
ドイツの滞在で、よく皆さんが取得しているのが、広い意味での、通称、フリーランスビザと呼ばれているものです。
日本での意味のフリーランスとは違いますので、フリーランスという意味で間違っている方も多いですので、弁護士に直接聞いて、リーガルな観点を確かめる事をお勧めします。
また、ビザの詳細な相談などは、弁護士のみができると聞いております。
出典：https://www.berlin.de/willkommenszentrum/en/work-and-education/freelance-work/ より抜粋
How can I become self-employed?
As an EU citizen you can set up a business in any member state of the EU. This also applies for citizens of Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
If you do not come from an EU state, whether you can become self-employed is dependent upon your residence status. If “Erwerbstätigkeit gestattet” (gainful activity permitted) is stated there, then you may work in self-employment. In all other cases it is initially dependent upon whether you can obtain a residence permit for self-employment (§ 21 of the German residence act).
Additional information can be found on the website of the Regional authority for citizens’ and regulatory affairs and on the pages of the Berlin chamber of industry and commerce.
For such a residence permit you must show that the financing of your self-employment is guaranteed, that positive effects on the economy can be expected from your project, and that there is an economic interest or regional requirement for it. This particularly applies if new jobs are being created. Whether these conditions are fulfilled is assessed on the basis of statements, for example from the responsible chambers and/or regulatory authority.
Less strict requirements apply if you wish to work as a freelancer, for example as an artist, journalist, doctor or lawyer. You should seek advice on the details.
With a temporary or special purpose residence permit that does not explicitly allow self-employed work, you need special permission from the immigration authority.
The German federal ministry of economic affairs and energy has compiled further information. You can also seek advice on business start-up questions at the Berlin Welcome Centre.
You can also become self-employed – on the one hand – as a sole trader. However, German law also offers many options for establishing a company, e.g. if several people want to establish a company together or liability risks are to be limited.
You should also seek advice on whether a partnership or a capital company is right for you. The advice services of the chamber of industry and commerce and the chamber of tradeprovide help here as the first point of contact.
If you wish to become self-employed, you must additionally respect the rules applicable for the respective employment. Special authorisations are required for some occupations – for example if you wish to work as a restaurateur or with sensitive foodstuffs such as raw meat.
In many trades, special training must be completed and an examination – the so-called master craftsman certificate – passed as a requirement to become self-employed in the occupation. The trades for which this applies and which conditions must be met for other trades can be found on the internet pages of Berlin chamber of trade.
The special features for self-employed people with respect to tax, health insurance and pension insurance must be noted.
まず、ドイツに滞在するなら、この滞在許可証というドイツ語を覚えておきましょう。ドイツ語のＢ１の試験でもよく出てきます。
Aufenthaltserlaubnis これが、滞在許可証のドイツ語です。
発音は、アウフェントハルツ エアラウブニス
２つの単語がくっついているので、離してみるとわかりやすいです。
Aufenthalt（s ） + erlaubnis = 滞在 （の） ＋ 許可
ベルリンでは、外国人局の担当者の采配に任されていると聞いていますので、いろいろな実例があり、その方によって違いますので、しっかりと、安全確実に、滞在許可証を取得できる道を選択されることをおすすめいたします。
今一度、弁護士などにリーガル的な観点をお確かめになることをおすすめいたします。
語学学校から慣れるのがいいのかもしれない・・
ドイツ親子留学というくらいですので、お母さんも語学学校からはじめて、ドイツ語のB1取得をしてから、ドイツ滞在を手堅くしていくのが良いのでは・・と最近は考えています。
ドイツ語B1取得をしていれば、定住許可（永住権）にも有効利用できますし、長期滞在においても可能性が高まるからです。
ドイツでは、家を決める際にも、なんでもドイツ語ができないとはじまりませんので、ドイツ語のB1の取得は、最低限必要になります。
ドイツ語B1を取得していれば、そこから自力で応用していくこともできるからです。
ドイツ親子留学のために参考になるサイト
ドイツのFederal Office for Migration and Refugees のサイト
